Python tkinter pack for managing layout with options

Managing layout while using widgets by using Pack.

Never mix Pack and Grid in same window.

Tkinter pack layout manager with option fill side expand anchor to place widgets in different places

Understanding Pack

Without any options all widgets will be placed vertically in a column. We can add side , fill and expand to manage the layout.

side

`side=LEFT`	Placed at LEFT of Next element
`side=RIGHT`	Placed at RIGHT of Next element
`side=BOTTOM`	Placed at BOTTOM of next element
`side=TOP`	Placed at TOP of next element

side=left

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import * 
my_w=tk.Tk()
# Placed at LEFT of Next element b1
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT) 

# Immaterial as no next element 
b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='b1')
b1.pack(side=RIGHT)
my_w.mainloop()

side=LEFT ( three elements )

# Placed at LEFT of next b1
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT) 

# Placed at LEFT of Next element  b2
b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='b1')
b1.pack(side=LEFT) 

b2=tk.Button(my_w,text='b2')
b2.pack(side=RIGHT) # Immaterial 
my_w.mainloop()

side=RIGHT

l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT) 
# Next element will be placed RIGHT of this l1

b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='b1')
b1.pack(side=RIGHT) 
# Next element ( b2 ) will be left of this b1

b2=tk.Button(my_w,text='b2')
b2.pack(side=RIGHT) 
# Next element ( not there) so Immaterial 
my_w.mainloop()

side=BOTTOM

# Next element will be placed RIGHT of this l1
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT)

b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='b1')
b1.pack(side=BOTTOM)
#Takes Next row relative to next element ( b2 )
    
b2=tk.Button(my_w,text='b2')
b2.pack(side=RIGHT) # Immaterial 
#b2 will be above b1

fill

`fill=X`	Expand horizontally to fill the available space
`fill=Y`	Expand vertically to fill the available space
`fill=BOTH`	Expand horizontally & vertically to fill the available space

fill=X

import tkinter as tk
my_w=tk.Tk()
b1=tk.Button(my_w,text="Welcome",width=20)
b1.pack() # Occupies the assigned width

# in the absence of any side value for b1, b2 starts in next row
b2=tk.Button(my_w,text="b2")
b2.pack()    # Width is as minimum, no expansion

b3=tk.Button(my_w,text="b3 with fill=X")
b3.pack(fill=X) # fill all horizontal space 
my_w.mainloop()

fill=Y

l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT) # Occupies the assigned width

# in the absence of any side value for b1, b2 starts in next row
b2=tk.Button(my_w,text="b2")
b2.pack(side=LEFT)    # Width is as minimum, no expansion

b3=tk.Button(my_w,text="b3")
b3.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y) # fill all vertical space 
my_w.mainloop()

fill=BOTH

This example demonstrates the usage of fill=BOTH to expand the button both horizontally and vertically, occupying all available space.

import tkinter as tk

my_w = tk.Tk()
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w, height=3, bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

b2 = tk.Button(my_w, text="b2")
b2.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

b3 = tk.Button(my_w, text="b3")
b3.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

my_w.mainloop()

Here, both buttons b2 and b3 fill both horizontal and vertical space due to the fill=BOTH and expand=True options.

expand

Default value is False.
The expand option ( if True or 1 ) tells the manager to assign additional space to the widget box. If the parent widget is made larger than necessary to hold all packed widgets, any exceeding space will be distributed among all widgets that have the expand option set to a non-zero value.

Difference between expand and fill

expand option ( if set to True ) tells to take any not assigned space .
The option fill asks the widget to take as much space as possible in given direction.

anchor : Align at top left

Three side by side buttons are aligned at top left corner of the window

b1=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B1')
b1.pack(side='left',anchor='nw')
b2=tk.Button(my_w,bg='lightblue',text='B2')
b2.pack(side='left',anchor='nw')
b3=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B3')
b3.pack(side='left',anchor='nw')

Align at top right

b1=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B1')
b1.pack(side='right',anchor='ne')
b2=tk.Button(my_w,bg='lightblue',text='B2')
b2.pack(side='right',anchor='ne')
b3=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B3')
b3.pack(side='right',anchor='ne')

Align at bottom right

b1=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B1')
b1.pack(side='right',anchor='se')
b2=tk.Button(my_w,bg='lightblue',text='B2')
b2.pack(side='right',anchor='se')
b3=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B3')
b3.pack(side='right',anchor='se')

Align at bottom left

b1=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B1',font=font1)
b1.pack(side='left',anchor='sw')
b2=tk.Button(my_w,bg='lightblue',text='B2',font=font1)
b2.pack(side='left',anchor='sw')
b3=tk.Button(my_w,bg='yellow',text='B3',font=font1)
b3.pack(side='left',anchor='sw')

pack_forget() and destroy()

By using pack_forget() we can remove the widget from layout. The widget is not destroyed so we can restore the same. Here is a code to display and hide the message on button click. On click of button b1 the code command=lambda: l1.pack_forget() removes the widget. We can restore it by using pack() command=lambda: l1.pack().
We can delete the widget by using delete(). command=lambda: l1.destroy()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import * 
my_w=tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("220x150") 
my_str = tk.StringVar(value='Hi welcome')
l1 = tk.Label(my_w,  textvariable=my_str, width=20 )
l1.pack(side=TOP) 
b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='Remove',
             command=lambda: l1.pack_forget() )
b1.pack(side=LEFT) 

b2=tk.Button(my_w,text='Display',
             command=lambda: l1.pack())
b2.pack(side=LEFT) 

b3=tk.Button(my_w,text='Destroy',
             command=lambda: l1.destroy())
b3.pack(side=LEFT) 


my_w.mainloop()

pack_info()

Get all information as a dictionary about the widget.

print(b1.pack_info())

Output , option names with values as key value pairs of a dictionary.

{'in': , 'anchor': 'center', 'expand': 0, 'fill': 'none', 
'ipadx': 0, 'ipady': 0, 'padx': 0, 'pady': 0, 'side': 'right'}

pack_propagate(flag)

If the flag is set then it will resize the manager to hold all the widgets. This should be called from master widget as it controls the manager

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import * 
my_w=tk.Tk()
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=LEFT) # 

b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='RIGHT')
b1.pack(side=RIGHT) # Placed right of Listbox

my_w.pack_propagate(0)

my_w.mainloop()

pack_slaves()

get a list of widgets

print(my_w.slaves())

Output

[<tkinter.Listbox object .!listbox>, <tkinter.Button object .!button>]

pack options

We have seen above about fill and side. Other options are listed here. ( Check pack_info() above to get dictionary of options with values print(b1.pack_info()) )

in : to pack widget inside
ipadx : internal horizontal padding , default is 0
ipady : internal vertical padding , default is 0
padx : External horizontal padding , default is 0
pady : External vertical padding , default is 0
side : which side the widget is to be packed

Here is an example of using these values

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import * 
my_w=Tk()
l1 = tk.Listbox(my_w,height=3,bg='yellow')
l1.pack(side=TOP) # 

b1=tk.Button(my_w,text='RIGHT')
b1.pack(side=RIGHT,anchor='center',expand=1,fill=Y,
        ipadx=10,ipady=10,padx=10,pady=10) # set the values 
print(b1.pack_info()) # reading the values 
my_w.mainloop()

The output of print(b1.pack_info()) is here .

{'in': <tkinter.Tk object .>, 'anchor': 'center', 'expand': 1, 
'fill': 'y', 'ipadx': 10, 'ipady': 10, 'padx': 10, 'pady': 10, 'side': 'right'}

Understanding Tkinter pack() Method to manage layout #python #tkinter #pythonGUI #packLayout #layout

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Subhendu Mohapatra

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Tkinter pack Layout Manager