Tkinter Menu with options and methods

Tkinter menu with options & methods to add checkbox radio buttons items with tearoff and separators

import tkinter  as tk 
my_w = tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("350x120")  

def my_fun():
    pass
menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0,bg='yellow') # file
menu_edit=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)  # edit menu 

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file) # Top Line
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=menu_edit) # Top Line

menu_file.add_command(label="New", command=my_fun()) # Item 1 of file
menu_file.add_command(label="Open..", command=my_fun()) # Item 2  
#menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=lambda:exit()) # Item 3 
#menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.destroy) # Item 3  
menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.quit) # Item 3  

menu_edit.add_command(label="Undo", command=my_fun())# Item 1 of Edit 
menu_edit.add_command(label="Redo", command=my_fun())# Item 2 of Edit 

my_w.config(menu=menubar) # adding menu to window
my_w.mainloop()

We have added option bg='yellow' to set background colour to Yellow. Here is the list of options we can add.

Options :

activebackground

Background colour when mouse is over one option ( choice ) of the menu.

activeborderwidth

Width of the border when mouse is over the menu. default is 1

activeforeground

Foreground colour when mouse is over the menu. ( Font is yellow in below picture )

bg

Background colour of the menu. ( The File menu background is Yellow here )

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=1,bg='yellow',
 activebackground='red',activeborderwidth=3,activeforeground='yellow')

bd

Border width of the options. (To check , detach the menu by clicking on tearoff=1 and then watch the border width.)

cursor

The shape of cursor when mouse is over the menu. List of cursor shapes are avaialble at Button Page. (To check , detach the menu by clicking on tearoff=1 and then watch the change in Cursor.)

disabledforeground

The colour of the disabled option when cursor is over it.
We have disabled the open.. option

menu_file.entryconfig(2,state='disabled')

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=1,bg='yellow',
 activebackground='green',activeforeground='yellow',
 disabledforeground='red')

font

my_font1=('Times',16,'bold')
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=False,bg='yellow',font=my_font1)

fg

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, fg='red',tearoff=0,
      bg='yellow',font=my_font1)

postcommand

We used postcommand here to run the function Change_color(color) which run once in every 1 second due to recursive call using after(). The fg=color will toggle the font color to red and green every 1 second.

def Change_colour(color):
    if color=='green':
        color='red'
    else:
        color='green'
    menu_file.config(fg=color)    
    my_w.after(1000,Change_colour, color)    
menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)
my_font1=('Times',18,'bold')
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, fg='red',tearoff=0,bg='yellow',
font=my_font1, postcommand=lambda: Change_colour('green'))

relief

3-D effect of border of the menu

image

Displaying image on menu.

selectcolor

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,title='my title' ,
    tearoff=False,fg='red',bg='yellow',selectcolor='blue')

Colour of selected Checkbutton and radiobutton.

tearoff

If tearoff is set as 1 ( tearoff=1 ) then the menu can be taken out from the menu bar. Click the dashed line at the top to detach the menu. It can take values True or False.

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,title='my title' ,
     tearoff=1,fg='red',bg='yellow')

title

Title of the tearoff menu.

menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar, title='my title',tearoff=1,bg='yellow')

Methods

add_command()

Add item to the menu.

menu_file.add_command(label="New", command=my_fun())

add_radiobutton()

Adding radiobutton to the menu.

menu_file.add_radiobutton(label='Option 1',value=0,variable=optvar)

add_checkbutton

Adding checkbutton to the menu

menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 1',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar0)
menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 2',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar1)

Checkbutton to manage text Wrap

With checkbutton and radiobuttons

import tkinter  as tk 
my_w = tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("250x120")  

def my_fun():
    pass

menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)
my_font1=('Times',12,'bold')
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,title='my title' ,
    tearoff=1,fg='red',bg='yellow') # file
menu_edit=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)  # edit menu 
menu_sub=tk.Menu(menu_file,tearoff=0,bg='green')
menu_file.add_cascade(label='Sub 1',menu=menu_sub ) # add sub
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 11',command=my_fun()) 
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 12',command=my_fun())

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file) # Top Line
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=menu_edit) # Top Line

menu_file.add_command(label="New", command=my_fun()) # Item 1 of file
menu_file.add_command(label="Open..", command=my_fun()) # Item 2  
menu_file.add_separator()

menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.quit) # Item 3  
menu_edit.add_command(label="Undo", command=my_fun())# Item 1 of Edit 
menu_edit.add_command(label="Redo", command=my_fun())# Item 2 of Edit 

chkvar0=tk.BooleanVar(value=1) # checkbutton 1 selected
chkvar1=tk.BooleanVar()
menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 1',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar0)
menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 2',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar1)
optvar=tk.BooleanVar(value=1) # Radiobutton selected 
menu_file.add_radiobutton(label='Option 1',value=1,variable=optvar)

my_w.config(menu=menubar) # adding menu to window
my_w.mainloop()

add_cascade

Add menu to the top

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file)

add_separator()

Check above image for the added separator

menu_file.add_separator()

add

Add specific type of menu items to the menu.

delete

delete from start index to end index

menu_file.delete(0,2)

entryconfig

Disable the item with index position 2 ( check disabledforeground option above )

menu_file.entryconfig(2,state='disabled')

index(item)

Return the index number of input item.

print(menu_file.index('Chk 1')) # 8

insert_separator(index)

Insert separator at input index position.

menu_file.insert_separator(4)

invoke(index)

For checkbox toggles the selection. For radio button choice is set.

menu_file.invoke(5)

type(index)

Returns the type of choice at the input index position.

print(menu_file.type(5)) # radiobutton
print(menu_file.type(7)) # separator
print(menu_file.type(9)) # checkbutton

Adding Sub menu

import tkinter  as tk 
my_w = tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("250x120")  

def my_fun():
    pass

menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)
my_font1=('Times',12,'bold')
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,title='my title' ,
    tearoff=1,fg='red',bg='yellow') # file
menu_edit=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)  # edit menu 
menu_sub=tk.Menu(menu_file,tearoff=0,bg='green')
menu_file.add_cascade(label='Sub 1',menu=menu_sub ) # add sub
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 11',command=my_fun()) 
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 12',command=my_fun())

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file) # Top Line
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=menu_edit) # Top Line

menu_file.add_command(label="New", command=my_fun()) # Item 1 of file
menu_file.add_command(label="Open..", command=my_fun()) # Item 2  
menu_file.add_separator()

menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.quit) # Item 3  
menu_edit.add_command(label="Undo", command=my_fun())# Item 1 of Edit 
menu_edit.add_command(label="Redo", command=my_fun())# Item 2 of Edit 

my_w.config(menu=menubar) # adding menu to window
my_w.mainloop()

Adding sub menu to sub menu

menu_sub2=tk.Menu(menu_sub,tearoff=0,bg='red')
menu_sub.add_cascade(label='Sub 2',menu=menu_sub2)
menu_sub2.add_command(label='Sub 21',command=my_fun())
menu_sub2.add_command(label='Child ',command=lambda:my_child())

Open new window on Menu click

We can open a child window on click of a menu item. To work on Toplevel we have to add this line at the top.

import tkinter  as tk 
from tkinter import * 

my_w = tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("250x120")  

def my_child():
    my_w_child=Toplevel(my_w) # Child window 
    my_w_child.geometry("200x200")  # Size of the window 
    my_w_child.title("www.plus2net.com")
    my_str1 = tk.StringVar()
    l1 = tk.Label(my_w_child,  textvariable=my_str1 )
    l1.grid(row=1,column=2) 
    my_str1.set("Hi I am Child window")
menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0) # file
menu_edit=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)  # edit menu 
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file) # Top Line
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=menu_edit) # Top Line
menu_file.add_command(label="New window", command=lambda:my_child())
menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.quit)
my_w.config(menu=menubar) # adding menu to window
my_w.mainloop()

With two level submenu and child window

import tkinter  as tk 
from tkinter import * 
my_w = tk.Tk()
my_w.geometry("250x120")  

def my_fun():
    pass

def my_child(): # to open child window 
    my_w_child=Toplevel(my_w) # Child window 
    my_w_child.geometry("200x200")  # Size of the window 
    my_w_child.title("www.plus2net.com")
    my_str1 = tk.StringVar()
    l1 = tk.Label(my_w_child,  textvariable=my_str1 )
    l1.grid(row=1,column=2) 
    my_str1.set("Hi I am Child window")

menubar = tk.Menu(my_w)
my_font1=('Times',12,'bold')
menu_file = tk.Menu(menubar,title='my title' ,
    tearoff=1,fg='red',bg='yellow',disabledforeground='gray') # file
menu_edit=tk.Menu(menubar,tearoff=0)  # edit menu 
menu_sub=tk.Menu(menu_file,tearoff=0,bg='green')
menu_file.add_cascade(label='Sub 1',menu=menu_sub ) # add sub
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 11',command=my_fun()) 
menu_sub.add_command(label='Sub 12',command=my_fun())

menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=menu_file) # Top Line
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=menu_edit) # Top Line

menu_file.add_command(label="New", command=my_fun()) # Item 1 of file
menu_file.add_command(label="Open..", command=my_fun()) # Item 2  
menu_file.add_separator()

menu_file.add_command(label="Exit", command=my_w.quit) # Item 3  
menu_edit.add_command(label="Undo", command=my_fun())# Item 1 of Edit 
menu_edit.add_command(label="Redo", command=my_fun())# Item 2 of Edit 

chkvar0=tk.BooleanVar(value=1) # checkbutton 1 selected
chkvar1=tk.BooleanVar()
menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 1',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar0)
menu_file.add_checkbutton(label='Chk 2',onvalue=1,offvalue=0,variable=chkvar1)
optvar=tk.BooleanVar(value=1) # Radiobutton selected 
menu_file.add_radiobutton(label='Option 1',value=1,variable=optvar)

menu_sub2=tk.Menu(menu_sub,tearoff=0,bg='red')
menu_sub.add_cascade(label='Sub 2',menu=menu_sub2)
menu_sub2.add_command(label='Sub 21',command=my_fun())
menu_sub2.add_command(label='Child ',command=lambda:my_child()) # Open child window 

my_w.config(menu=menubar) # adding menu to window
my_w.mainloop()

Tkinter window Adding Sub menu to main menu and opening child window from menu command

Project : GUI Text Editor

Text Editor with all file handling operations like New, Open., Save, Save As and Close to add or update data of the file.
The tkinter filedialog is used to display file handling dialog boxes and Menu is used to execute various functions to manage a file.
Tkinter Text Editor to Manage File Operations

Building Menus in #Python #Tkinter: Learn Menu, Submenu, and More for Your #PythonGUI Application

OptionMenu Menubutton Combobox Projects in Tkinter
Managing Font option using Menu

Python Tkinter Sample codes Python- Tutorials

Subhendu Mohapatra

Author & Instructor at plus2net

I write and maintain practical tutorials on Python, PHP, SQL, JavaScript, HTML, jQuery, and web development at plus2net. The tutorials focus on clear explanations, working examples, and code that readers can test and adapt while learning.

About the author Watch on YouTube

Connect:

Subscribe to our YouTube Channel here

	11-04-2023
always helpful

	15-10-2024
Really appreciate sharing this, thanks!