log() math function to get logarithm of input number with base e or any number in Python

log(x,y) returns log of input number x with base y (optional ) . If y is not given then e ( What is e ? ) is used as base.

import math
print(math.log(2))   # 0.6931471805599453

With different base

import math
print(math.log(2,3))  # 0.6309297535714574
print(math.log(4,5))  # 0.8613531161467861

Using negative number
For any value less than or equal to 0 , we will get ValueError

import math
print(math.log(-2))
print(math.log(0))

Above code will generate error.

Example : Handling ValueError with try-except

import math
try:
    output = math.log(-2)
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")

log(x)/log(y) is same as log(x,y). Check this code.

import math
x=2
y=4
print(math.log(x))              #  0.6931471805599453
print(math.log(y))              #  1.3862943611198906
print(math.log(x,y))            # 0.5
print(math.log(x)/math.log(y))  # 0.5

Example : Using math.log() with Base 2

import math
x = 8
output = math.log(x, 2)
print(output)  # Output: 3.0

Output:

3.0

Output:

Error: math domain error

log10 modf()

Math Functions copysign() Python- Tutorials

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	05-02-2023
X,Y on the same axis overlapping; however each carries its own width and length