floor & ceil math function to get highest and lowest numbers in Python

ceil function returns lowest integer higher than the input.
Here are some examples with different type of numbers.

print(math.ceil(1.2))   # 2
print(math.ceil(1.6))   # 2 
print(math.ceil(-1.2))  # -1
print(math.ceil(-1.6))  # -1
print(math.ceil(45))    # 45

floor function returns highest integer lower than the input.

print(math.floor(1.2))   # 1
print(math.floor(1.6))   # 1 
print(math.floor(-1.2))  # -2
print(math.floor(-1.6))  # -2
print(math.floor(45))    # 45

Comparison with round()
round() rounds to the nearest integer, while floor() always rounds down and ceil() rounds up.
Example:

print(round(3.5))   # Output: 4
print(math.ceil(3.5))   # Output: 4
print(math.floor(3.5))  # Output: 3

Ceiling for Time Estimation:

tasks = 3.4  # 3 hours 40 mins
print(math.ceil(tasks))  # Output: 4 (round up for scheduling)

Real-World Use Case: Price Rounding
When calculating prices, you may want to round down (using math.floor()) to ensure a customer isn't overcharged or round up (using math.ceil()) to cover costs.

Floor for Discount Calculations:

import math

price = 59.99
discount = 0.2

discounted_price = math.floor(price * (1 - discount))  

print(discounted_price)  # Output: 47

We can use type() to get the data type.

import math

x = math.floor(-1.2) 

print(x)  # -2
print(type(x))  # <class 'int'>

Math Functions Absolute value Python- Tutorials

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floor & ceil math functions

Subhendu Mohapatra